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Hypothyroidism & Hyperthyroid

Hypothyroidism & Hyperthyroid

Thyroid

Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are thyroid disorders that stem from imbalances in thyroid hormone production, impacting bodily functions significantly.

Hypothyroidism results from an underactive thyroid gland, leading to insufficient thyroid hormone levels. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, constipation, dry skin, and depression. Common causes include autoimmune thyroiditis, iodine deficiency, thyroid surgery, or medication side effects.

Conversely, hyperthyroidism arises from excessive thyroid hormone production, accelerating metabolism. Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, nervousness, irritability, heat intolerance, tremors, and increased appetite. Graves’ disease, thyroid nodules, or thyroiditis typically cause hyperthyroidism.

 

Diagnosis involves blood tests measuring thyroid hormone levels (TSH, T3, and T4) and sometimes imaging studies. Treatment for hypothyroidism usually entails synthetic thyroid hormone replacement to restore levels. Hyperthyroidism management may involve antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or thyroid surgery.

Both disorders require lifestyle adjustments, dietary changes, and regular monitoring. Collaboration with healthcare providers, including endocrinologists, is crucial for effective management and ongoing care, aiming to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications associated with thyroid dysfunction.

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